Music selection method and reasons How is music selected: music selection rationale? Rhythm? Melody? Music Selection Method: Meditation music was chosen for this study. Typically, meditation music often includes sounds of nature and birds, elements that can offer comfort and peace to patients. Reasons for Music Selection: Meditation music was selected to help patients relax, reduce stress, and feel at ease. This type of music can enhance psychological well-being and alleviate anxiety and pain post-surgery. Meditation music, incorporating natural and bird sounds, is generally effective in calming the mind and easing tension. Rhythm and Melody: Although not specifically mentioned in the study, meditation music typically features soft rhythm and melody. Such music can aid in achieving a relaxed state and facilitating positive emotional responses in patients. Duration of music played What is the time of music played? 1 min? 5 min? patients in Group 2 listened to meditation music. This music was played for a duration of 20 minutes, which took place before the early mobilization and movement protocol on the first postoperative day. Session leader Who leads the intervention session? Monk? Music therapist? ,etc. In the study, the specific details regarding who led the intervention sessions, particularly for the meditation music group, were not explicitly mentioned. However, in a clinical setting, such sessions are typically facilitated by professionals who are trained to administer therapeutic interventions. Relationship between music and meditation What does music do in relation to meditation? Primary Secondary? Adjunctive? Adjunctive to Medical Treatment: In this study, meditation music is utilized as an adjunct to the standard medical treatment for patients recovering from total knee arthroplasty. The music serves as a complementary method to alleviate postoperative pain and kinesiophobia (fear of movement due to pain or injury). Support for Psychological Well-being: The meditation music is used to support the psychological well-being of patients post-surgery. While the primary treatment for patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty involves medical and physical therapy, the meditation music is incorporated to enhance the patients' emotional and psychological recovery. Facilitation of Relaxation and Pain Management: The music in this context is intended to facilitate relaxation and help manage pain, which is a common issue following knee arthroplasty. By doing so, it aids in the overall recovery process, not by replacing the primary treatment methods, but by supplementing them to achieve better outcomes. Non-Pharmacological Intervention: Meditation music in this study is a non-pharmacological intervention aimed at reducing the intensity of pain and the level of kinesiophobia. It complements the pharmacological pain management and physical rehabilitation typically used in postoperative care. In summary, in the context of this study, meditation music is used as an adjunctive tool in the recovery process of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. It plays a supportive role in enhancing the effectiveness of the primary medical treatments by aiding in relaxation and reducing pain and fear of movement post-surgery. Purpose of using music: What is the purpose of using music? In the study, the purpose of using music, specifically meditation music, is primarily to alleviate postoperative pain and kinesiophobia (fear of movement due to pain or injury) in patients who have undergone total knee arthroplasty. Here are the key objectives for using music in this context: Pain Reduction: One of the primary purposes of using meditation music in the study is to reduce the level of postoperative pain experienced by patients. Music is known to have a soothing effect, which can be beneficial in managing and reducing the perception of pain. Alleviating Kinesiophobia: The study aims to use meditation music to help reduce kinesiophobia, which is a significant concern post-surgery. Kinesiophobia, or the fear of moving due to pain, can hinder a patient's recovery and rehabilitation process. By providing a calming auditory stimulus, meditation music can help lessen this fear and encourage more movement. Enhancing Psychological Well-being: The use of meditation music also targets the improvement of patients' psychological well-being. Postoperative recovery is not only physical but also psychological. The calming nature of meditation music can contribute to reducing anxiety, creating a more positive mental state, and thereby supporting overall recovery. Supporting Physical Rehabilitation: While not explicitly stated, using meditation music in the postoperative care of knee arthroplasty patients can indirectly support their physical rehabilitation process. By reducing pain and kinesiophobia, patients might be more inclined to participate actively in their physical therapy sessions. Non-Pharmacological Complementary Therapy: The study incorporates music as a non-pharmacological intervention. This is important in providing a holistic approach to patient care, complementing traditional medical treatments and pharmacological pain management methods. In summary, the purpose of using meditation music in this study is to provide a non-invasive, non-pharmacological therapeutic intervention to reduce postoperative pain and kinesiophobia, thereby aiding in the overall recovery and rehabilitation of patients following total knee arthroplasty. Session time and duration How long is session time and duration? Duration of the Intervention: The patients in the meditation music group listened to the music for a duration of 20 minutes. This time frame was chosen for the intervention session, where the patients were exposed to meditation music consisting of nature and bird sounds. Timing of the Session: The intervention (listening to meditation music) was planned for the day after the surgery. Specifically, it was scheduled before the implementation of the early ambulation and mobilization protocol, which typically starts on the first postoperative day. This timing was likely chosen to maximize the impact of the music on pain and kinesiophobia at a critical early stage in the recovery process. The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of these interventions in alleviating postoperative pain and kinesiophobia, with the session duration being designed to provide a meaningful therapeutic experience while also fitting within the practical constraints of a postoperative care schedule. Number of participants: How many participants? Total Number of Participants: The study included 180 patients in total. Division Among Groups: These participants were divided equally into three groups, with each group consisting of 60 patients. This division facilitated a comparative analysis between the groups, each receiving a different form of intervention or control condition to assess the impact on postoperative pain and kinesiophobia. Measurement tools/equipment: What is the measurement tool/apparatus? Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for Pain: The VAS is a widely used tool for quantifying the severity of pain. It is presented as a 10-centimeter line, with markings from 0 (representing no pain at all) to 10 (indicating the most severe pain imaginable). Patients indicate their pain level by marking a point on this line that corresponds to the intensity of the pain they are experiencing. This tool is effective in providing a subjective measure of pain intensity. Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK): The TSK is employed to assess levels of kinesiophobia, which is the fear of movement due to pain or injury. It is a 4-point Likert-type scale consisting of 17 items, where a higher total score indicates greater severity of kinesiophobia. Patients scoring 37 or higher on the TSK are considered to have significant kinesiophobia. This scale is useful for quantitatively assessing patients' fear of movement post-surgery. These measurement tools were utilized to evaluate the impact of the interventions (meditation music and comedy movies) on postoperative pain and kinesiophobia in patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty. The use of these standardized tools allows for the objective assessment of outcomes and facilitates comparison between the different intervention groups in the study. Data collection method What is the data collection method In the study, the data collection method involved several key steps: Participant Selection and Group Assignment: The study initially identified a pool of eligible patients who had undergone total knee arthroplasty. From this pool, patients were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Once selected, they were randomly assigned to one of three groups - two experimental groups (one for meditation music and one for comedy movies) and one control group. Pre-Intervention Assessment: Before administering the interventions, baseline data were collected from all participants. This involved using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) to assess pain levels and the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) to measure the degree of kinesiophobia in each patient. These assessments provided a starting point for evaluating the effects of the interventions. Administering the Interventions: On the day following surgery, the interventions were administered to the experimental groups. One group listened to 20 minutes of meditation music, and the other watched 20 minutes of comedy movie scenes. The control group did not receive any specific intervention apart from routine clinical care. Post-Intervention Assessment: After the interventions, the same measurement tools (VAS for pain and TSK for kinesiophobia) were used to collect post-intervention data. This allowed the researchers to compare pre- and post-intervention scores within each group and across the groups to evaluate the effectiveness of the interventions. Statistical Analysis of Data: The collected data were then analyzed using appropriate statistical methods to assess the impact of the interventions on postoperative pain and kinesiophobia. The analysis included comparisons of pre- and post-intervention scores within each group and between the groups. This methodology enabled the researchers to gather quantitative data on the effects of meditation music and comedy movies on postoperative pain and kinesiophobia, ensuring a systematic and rigorous approach to data collection and analysis.
